Saturday, December 28, 2019

The Brown Wasps Essay - 1057 Words

The Brown Wasps nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Loren Eiseley’s Essay The Brown Wasps, Eiseley shows that humans and animals act in similar ways. He says that humans and animals cling to the things they know very strongly. Sometimes they even act as if nothing even changed. Humans and animals tend to want to return to things that they are familiar to as they grow older. Loren Eiseley shows how humans and animals try to cling or recreate an important or favorite place. This essay is about memory, home, places in time. Loren Eiseley does a great job describing the place that he is talking about to make the reader visualize and make them feel like they are there. Some examples are the old men, the brown wasps, the mice, the pigeons, the†¦show more content†¦Eiseley compares this to the brown wasp that wishes to die in the center of the hive. The men came inside the train station to be around other people so that they did not die alone. Sometimes it is the place that matters the most, the ce nter of the hive for the brown wasp and the bench in the train station for the old man. â€Å"We cling to a time and place because without them man is lost, not only man but life.† (79). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Later Eiseley tells of a mouse that made a home in one of the flower pots in his living room. This was no ordinary house mouse, this was a field mouse; the one that he had seen in the field of the site of the new suburban store. It ran away from the field where the bulldozers were and headed towards Eiseley’s apartment building. The mouse made a burrow in the flower pot and was quick to hide and not be seen. He tried to dig the burrow deeper but failed. Eiseley then refilled the burrow with the dirt and did not expect to see the mouse again. To his surprise the burrow reopened but there was no sign of the field mouse. Not even the temptation of food would draw the mouse out. He thought it would end up in some trap or someone else’s apartment. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The El in Philadelphia was the familiar place for the pigeons to come and know that they would be feed by people near by. The sound of the approaching train, the sound of a work manShow MoreRelatedWasps Are Not A Nuisance And They Do Serve A Purpose?1235 Words   |  5 PagesPaper wasps feel the need to become territorial in order to protect themselves and their colonies; they keep to themselves but do tend to get aggressive when they feel like their lives are in jeopardy. My objective was to show how Paper Wasps are not a nuisance and they do serve a purpose. They also make an impact on not only the human race but also the world. Wasp is an endangered species and if we don’t treasure them and see them as something great they will become extinct. Leaving wasp, aloneRead MoreRacism in America: From Jim Crow to Trayvon Martin1758 Words   |  7 PagesProtestant (WASP) culture that had been established by the Founding Fathers and the various states that made up the Union. As Reginald Horsman notes, the inherent inequality of races was simply accepted as a scientific fact in America. This so-called scientific fact was based on nothing other than racial prejudice that and the Plessy v. Ferguson separate but equal clause, which the US Supreme Court upheld in 1896. The WASP culture which invented the idea of manifest destiny that WASPs had a divineRead MoreForensic Entomology1730 Words   |  7 Pageslarva begins to move away from the body. They move to a drier place away from predators, and parasites to pupate. This process occurs forty to five hundred and four hours later. At first it is a white or ellow color, and then turns to a reddish brown color. 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She graduates high school and decides to stay in Ponca City as an herb doctor and healer. AbbyR ead MoreNightmares and Memories1018 Words   |  4 Pagesinstantaneously and I grabbed my machete from my backpack and with one forceful strike cut its head off and blood began to dye the snow in my front lawn brownish red. The back of the zombie skull was open revealing its brain and the Neurax Wasp a parasitic wasp that scientists discovered in 2015 to be from another world. Most people thought zombies would arise from a virus but sadly it came from a alien parasite that can use animals and humans as its host. The worst part is you have to amputateRead MoreA Short Note On The Breakdown Of Muscle Tissue964 Words   |  4 Pagesmedications, and trauma are mainly common with adults. Aside from the adult population, exertion, trauma, connective tissue disease, and drug overdose are common in the pediatric population. Exposure to toxins such as snake bites, spider venoms, and wasp stings can all be leading factors to rhabdomyolysis. Body temperature extremes are referred to as any sudden drastic change in body core temperature. Heat stroke, consisting of a high body core temperature, and hypothermia, consisting of a low bodyRead MoreHistory Of Women During The Revolutionary War2229 Words   |  9 Pagesdiscovered ten months later. Newcume was discharged. In July 1848, however, Congress paid her the land and money she was owed for her service. U.S. women place themselves in hurt s approach to support the troops. Amid the attack of Fort Brown, U.S. camp supporters were requested to stay in underground magazines for insurance. These women worked determinedly sewing sand sacks to reinforce the post. Servant of Monterrey One woman, Sarah Bowman, declined to take protect and served food andRead More A Beginning And End Essay701 Words   |  3 Pagesharvesting comes to an end. The abundance of blooms have diminished so pollen becomes less evident. The hives of wasps and bees are made ready for the winter rest. Evidence of cocoons (future caterpillars and butterflies) are seen on tree trunks and eaves. Leaves cover cars, roof tops, and the ground like a blanket of snow, as trees and plants shed their leaves. The predominate mixtures of brown, gray, and evergreen are everywhere. Acorns and other seeds are shed, providing food for a multitude of animals

Thursday, December 19, 2019

The Diversity Of The Hispanic Family Center - 1587 Words

The board of directors come to some agency functions and try to introduce themselves to all staff. The Program Director and his assistant is always accessible. They can be reached via telephone, text messages, or email. The executive is not as accessible. I was never formally introduced to her. The staff members pointed her out to me during one of our reading kickoff events. After the event was over she addressed me by my name and said thanks for helping out with the event. I tried contacting her for my phone code, and I received it a year later. Out of my year with the agency, I could count on my hands how many times I interacted with her. The â€Å"front line† workers gives the agency their good reputation. The Hispanic Family Center is†¦show more content†¦Before I left the agency there were many layoffs and many resignations. The agency currently has many job vacancies. All staff and clients enjoy each other’s company and are sure that their needs are going to be met, but they often complain about the pay rate. Policy Change Federal Law To be eligible for a family leave an employee must work for a covered employer and satisfy the following requirements*: 1. He must have been employed by the same employer (or by a predecessor and successor employer, or in joint employment) for at least 12 months before the leave commences. a. The months need not be consecutive. If two or more periods of employment are separated by layoff or termination, they are aggregated as long as the break in service is for 7 or years or less, or unless the break is a result of military service obligations in the National Guard or Reserve, or a written agreement exists to rehire, or the employee is maintained on payroll. b. If an employee is maintained on the payroll for any part of a week, that week counts as a week of employment, and 52 such weeks are deemed to equal 12 months. No actual work in the week is required. c. Months spent absent from employment due to military service will be credited towards the 12 month requirement. 2. He must have at least 1250 hours of service with such employer during the 12-month period immediately before the leave. a. Hours of

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Application of Operant Conditioning Theory in the Classroom Samples

Question: Discuss about the Application of Operant Conditioning Theory in the Classroom. Answer: Introduction Teaching is a noble profession that plays a significant role in preparing the children to be useful people in the society. The preparation of children entails equipping them with the skills that can prepare them for their future careers that they will join after a successful completion of their training. Education can also provide the learners with useful moral and behavioral skills to use in the society. This is equally important because education does not only prepare the children for employment, but prepares them to acquire the qualities that they can rely on to fit into the society in which they belong. For the teachers to accomplish this task, they need to be adequately trained and provided with appropriate skills that they can use in teaching the learners. However, despite their training, teachers often find it challenging to handle the learners each of whom has unique background, characters, behaviors, weaknesses and strengths. Research has proven that teachers can apply vario us psychological approaches to adequately prepare their learners and bring the desired behavior change in them. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of B.F. Skinners Operant Conditioning Theory in the teaching of Grade 5 learners. The Range of Behaviors of Grade Five Learners When she joined the teaching profession, Mrs. Jane was expecting to accomplish her goals of enjoying her career by adequately preparing her learners for the life after school. However, this has become a mirage because, from the descriptions presented in the scenario, Mrs. Jane appears to be a troubled teacher. Just like any many of her colleagues, Mrs. Jane has not been enjoying her teaching practice to the fullest because she is worried about the learners they handle. The relationship between Mrs. Jane and her Grade 5 pupils has not been a cordial one. The learners have been uncooperative and undisciplined (Chandler Dahlquist, 2014). They neither respect the teacher nor abide by her instructions because they defy whatever she tells them to do. The experiences of Mrs. Jane clearly demonstrate exactly what the primary school teachers go through. The first problem experienced by primary school pupils is indiscipline. The learners at this stage of growth tend to be disrespectful (Black Fernando, 2014). The learners do not follow the directives given by their teachers because of the feeling that it is not necessary to do so. Besides, the learners tend to be defiant and do not care about the rules that are supposed to be followed while in school. It is for this reason that these learners do not follow anything instructed by the teachers. Although school has rules that guide the teaching and learning process, the learners do not care about them no matter how important it is in their lives (Carr, 2015). This is the same challenge that is faced by Mrs. Jane. Her learners do not actively participate in classroom and fail to do assignments and submit them for evaluation within the stipulated time. These misconducts have been affecti ng the teacher and learners in equal measure. They negatively impact on the learners by hindering them from accomplishing their educational goals. On the other hand, the teacher is affected because she feels demoralized and cannot achieve her full potential as a teacher. Application of Operant Conditioning Theory The challenges faced by Mrs. Jane can be addressed by applying the principles of the Operant Conditioning theory. Operant Conditioning is a theory that was developed in 1938 by B.F. Skinner after the publication of his book called the Behavior of Organisms. According to this theory, the behavior of an individual can be enhanced or reduced by the expected outcome. Skinner based his argument on the principles of reinforcement, law of effect and intentional actions. The theory states that the behavior of a person can be influenced by the reward or punishment which can be relied upon to positively or negatively influenced an individuals conduct. When a reward is used as reinforcement, the behavior of an individual can positively change (Beckett Taylor, 2016). Meaning, a person who expects a reward as an outcome will be encouraged to behave as expected. However, if a punishment is given, the person can be discouraged from repeating the behavior because it acts as a negative reinforcement . Operant conditioning theory can help in eliciting the required behavior change in the grade 5 learners. Use of positive Reinforcement In order to bring the desired behavior change in her learners, Mrs. Jane needs to use rewards. The teacher is to use all the necessary incentives to encourage the learners to participate in the teaching and learning process. Positive rewards are required because they can help in encouraging the learners to be serious with all the activities that they are doing. The first action to take is to encourage the learners to be active participants in class activities. The learners should feel free and motivated to ask and answer questions during the lessons and group discussions (Funder, 2015). To achieve this, the teacher needs to create a favorable environment for all the learners by knowing and identifying each of them using their names. The teacher must create a good relationship with the learners because it can make them to relate without any obstacles. At the same time, any student who participates in the class discussions are supposed to be rewarded by using praise words and positive terms that can make them feel recognized and motivated to be active in class. When it comes to the issue of assignments, the learners are to be encouraged to carry out the assigned tasks by rewarding punctuality and commendable performance by the learners. Many learners who are at this stage of learning tends to fear assignments because they believe that it is bothersome, difficult, and unnecessary (Olson, 2015). This is why Mrs. Jane complained of poor cooperation from her learners as far as assignments are concerned. Therefore, what is to be done is to encourage the learners to do their assignments and reward them appropriately. When the learners efforts are recognized, they can feel motivated and encouraged to continue doing the assignments because it yields positive rewards. Special attention is to be given to the weak learners who require a lot of keenness from the teacher. Any learner who is responsible in their activities are to be appreciated by praising and thanking them for their active participation in class activities (Newman Newman, 2014). The te acher is required to create and maintain a culture of participation and responsibility amongst the learners. In order to achieve all these positive changes, the teacher is expected to introduce new rules to the learners. The learners require to be made to know that it is a mandatory requirement that they are to follow all the instructions given by the instructor. The teacher has a responsibility of come up with new rules adequately inform the learners in time. Since change is a gradual process, the teacher is responsible for coming up with new rules and gradually introduce them to the learners. The new rules must be properly outline that the learners need to be respectable people who are obliged to comply with all the directives given by the teacher without any failure (Grusec Lytton, 2012). At the same time, the learners must be compelled to be actively involved in class matters and discharge all their activities without any failure. The rules need also clearly outline that the learners should do all the assignments and submit them within the specified time duration. If this is done as ex plained, the learners will have no choice rather than engaging in the activities that are accepted by the teacher because they are associated with positive outcomes (Patton, et al., 2016). Use of Negative Reinforcements Apart from using rewards to encourage a behavior change in the learners, the teacher is encouraged to use punishment to achieve the same goals. For Mrs. Jane to successfully discharge her teaching duties, she must not only rely on the incentives, but on punishment as well (Shaffer, Kipp, 2013). Whereas incentives should be used to encourage positive behaviors, punishment needs to be used to discourage the learners and prevent them from engaging in activities and behaviors which are undesirable. The information presented in the case study demonstrates that Mrs. Jane has been battling negative behaviors such as disobedience, deliberate avoidance of assignments and class participations. Actually, these are undesirable behaviors that must not be condoned whatsoever (Shapiro Margolin, 2014). The teacher has to therefore discourage the learners from such behaviors because they do no good, but hinder the teaching and learning process. To address these behaviors, the teacher is expected to introduce punishment in the classroom. The learners who are identified to be engaging in undesirable behaviors require being punished using different strategies such as repeating the assignment, and rebuking them while encouraging their cooperative colleagues. Nonetheless, disciplinary measures are required to be done by giving mild punishment to the learners who are misbehaving (Batra, 2013). Meaning, after identifying the inappropriate behaviors that the teacher wishes to address, she does not have to severely punish the learners, but submit acceptable degree of punishment. For the punishment strategy to be successful in bringing the desired behavior change in the learners, the teacher should ensure that there is consistency in the administration of the punishment. If it is consistently done, the teacher will manage to create a culture of compliance with the learners will always believe that any deviation must be punished (McSw eeney Murphy, 2014). This can, in the long run, make the learners to refrain from any misconduct that is not accepted by the teacher. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Operant Conditioning Theory Behavior change is a complex task that is to be undertaken whenever necessary. As the instructors, teacher needs to be at the fore front of bringing the desired behavior change in their learners. To achieve this, the teacher can apply the principles of Skinners Operant Conditioning; Lawrence Kohlbergs stages of moral development; Erick Eriksons psychosocial stages of human development; Jean Piagets cognitive stages of human development, or Albert Banduras social learning theory (Day, et al., 2014). These theories have principles whose effective application can help Mrs. Jane to handle her learners. However, of all these theories, the operant conditioning theory is recommended because it is the best alternative for the grade 5 learners. The first strength of operant conditioning theory is that it encourages good behaviors in individuals. Secondly, it needs to be applied because it discourages people from engaging in undesirable or unacceptable behaviors (Sigelman Rider, 2014). The operant conditioning theory is appropriate for Mrs. Janes learners because it can be effective in encouraging good behaviors. If the teacher uses rewards and positive reinforcements, she can succeed in encouraging the learners to adopt desirable and acceptable behaviors. The use of rewards makes the operant theory to be better than other theories because it can bring a mental change in the learners. Once the learners associate a behavior with a positive outcome, they will feel motivated to engage in it because it can elicit desirable rewards (Ruan, Wu, 2013). On the other hand, the use of punishment can be used to discourage the learners from misbehaving because of the feeling that it can result into a negative reinforcement. However, th e weakness of the operant conditioning theory is that it does not guarantee success because some people cannot stop their behavior even after getting punished. Besides, the theory treats people like objects that lack autonomy and must be controlled by others. Conclusion In conclusion, Mrs. Jane does not necessarily have to give up in her teaching duties. As a professional, she has to acknowledge that primary school learners are quite challenging to manage. Therefore, to effectively teach the learners, the teacher does not have to apply the operant conditioning theory. The theory is recommended because it appears to be the best alternative for Mrs. Jane. The theory is better than other theories such as social learning and cognitive development theories which give individuals a chance to interact with the environment and learn anything be it positive or negative. For instance, Piagets theory can be faulted because it allows people to develop a schema and freely interact with the environment without any restrictions. The teacher should apply the operant theory because it will enable her to motivate the learners to refrain from bad behaviors and encourage them to adopt and maintain good behaviors that are accepted in the learning environment. However, t o achieve all these, the teacher must be consistent in the administration of rewards and punishments. References Batra, S., (2013). The Psychosocial Development of Children: Implications for Education and Society--Erik Erikson in Context. Contemporary education dialogue, 10(2), pp.249-278. Beckett, C., Taylor, H. (2016). Human growth and development. New York: Sage. Black, D. S., Fernando, R. (2014). Mindfulness training and classroom behavior among lower- income and ethnic minority elementary school children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(7), 1242-1246. Carr, A. (2015). The handbook of child and adolescent clinical psychology: A contextual approach. London: Routledge. Chandler, L. K., Dahlquist, C. M. (2014). Functional assessment: Strategies to prevent and remediate challenging behavior in school settings. Pearson Higher Ed. Day, D.V., et al., (2014). Advances in leader and leadership development: A review of 25years of research and theory. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), pp.63-82. Funder, D.C., (2015). The Personality Puzzle: Seventh International Student Edition. WW Norton Company: New York. Grusec, J.E. Lytton, H., (2012). Social development: History, theory, and research. Springer Science Business Media. McSweeney, F. K., Murphy, E. S. (2014). The Wiley Blackwell handbook of operant and classical conditioning. John Wiley Sons. Newman, B. M., Newman, P. R. (2014). Development through life: A psychosocial approach. New York: Cengage Learning. Olson, M. H. (2015). An introduction to theories of learning. New York: Psychology Press. Patton, L.D., et al., (2016). Student development in college: Theory, research, and practice. John Wiley Sons: New York. Ruan, X., Wu, X. (2013). The skinner automaton: A psychological model formalizing the theory of operant conditioning. Science China Technological Sciences, 56(11), 2745- 2761. Sigelman, C. K., Rider, E. A. (2014). Life-span human development. new York: Cengage Learning. Shaffer, D. R., Kipp, K. (2013). Developmental psychology: Childhood and adolescence. New York: Cengage Learning. Shapiro, L. A. S., Margolin, G. (2014). Growing up wired: Social networking sites and adolescent psychosocial development. Clinical child and family psychology review, 17(1), 1-18.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Socrates Biography and Philosophy

Introduction Socrates is one of the great thinkers of all times owing to the fact that his philosophy shaped the Greek’s tread of thoughts. Although he was a great personality among the Greek people, Socrates did not record any of his thoughts making it difficult to trace clearly his early life. Nussbaum asserts that â€Å"this historical Socrates did not write† (125). However, the information we have about him is garnered from his disciples and contemporaries. Therefore, this paper seeks to present Socrates’ life, history, and thoughts in a historical context.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Socrates Biography and Philosophy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although, the early life of this Greek legend is not well known, Socrates is believed to have existed around 470 BCE and was executed about the year 399 BCE. He hailed from Athens city in Greece at the time when the Athenians were at war with the Partisans. Although Athenians were at war with the Persians at the time Socrates was born, its cultural influence was felt in her neighboring cities. Johnson claims that â€Å"he lived his early life in great days of Athens, city at the height of its influence and its cultural flowering† (9). Athenians were led by myths in interpreting every occurrence before the birth of Socrates. It is Socrates who initiated the new way of explaining the reality by reasoning rather than believing in myths for their answers. His ideas are based on his love for wisdom and the pursuit of what can actually be known. Socrates is such a historic personality that he cannot be ignored in the history of the world. His influence is felt across all kinds of thoughts such as poetry, philosophy, cultures, history, ethics, politics, and anthropology. He is actually likened to the Historical Jesus in many ways since he stood for the truth and taught it to all and especially the youth. He loved wi sdom and he was executed innocently because he taught new knowledge to the society. According to Priestley â€Å"both discourses and the general manner of life Socrates and Jesus have an obvious resemblance as they both went about gratuitously, doing good, according to their several abilities, situations and opportunities† (36). Socrates believed that he was the gadfly of the society and the herald of the Truth. Inspired by his mother (midwife) and his father (sculptor), Socrates analogically became a midwife in that he helped people bring forth their ideas by asking them questions which triggered their way of thinking. Christian claims that â€Å"Socrates believed the only path to knowledge was through discussion of ideas, so he spent his life conversing with disciples, friends, and bystanders†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Christian 31). His philosophy is based on his quest for knowledge and truth as well as justice in the society. He extensively discussed many critical issues that are st ill relevant in our contemporary time. Some of the fields that he dealt with are: Knowledge, truth, ethics, happiness, virtue, and justice; he believed that knowledge would make a man good which means living a virtuous life whereby truth, justice and ethics are put in practice.Advertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In conclusion, Socrates is both legend and hero; a saint and a martyr of philosophy who should be emulated by today’s thinkers in the society . People should cherish the truth, fight ignorance, and practice justice which will make them live a virtuous life. This will better human society. Works Cited Christian, L. James. Philosophy: An Introduction to the Art of Wondering.11 ed. 2011. United States: Cangaging learning. Print. Johnson, Derek. A brief History of Philosophy: From Socrates to Derrida, London: Continuum International Publisher Group, 2006. Print. Nussbaum , C. Martha. The Fragile of Goodness: Luckand Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy Part 2. 2 ed. 2000. England: Cambridge University Press. Print. Priestley, Joseph, and Socrates (the philosopher). Socrates and Jesus Compared, Oxford: Oxford University, 1803. Print. This essay on Socrates Biography and Philosophy was written and submitted by user Martin M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.